ABUJA, Nigeria – Naira ya sami ci gaba mai mahimmanci a watan Janairu 2025, inda ya sami ƙaruwar N63.72 a kan dala, ya kai N1,474.78 a kowace dala a ranar 31 ga Janairu a Kasuwar Kuɗin Waje ta Najeriya. Bayanai daga FMDQ Securities Exchange Limited da Babban Bankin Najeriya (CBN) sun nuna cewa wannan ƙaruwar kashi 4.14 cikin ɗari ta kai kuɗin Najeriya zuwa mafi girman matakin da ya kai cikin watanni bakwai, tare da ƙarshe da kuɗin ya yi ciniki a irin wannan matakin a ranar 11 ga Yuni 2024, lokacin da ya kai N1,473.88/$ a kasuwar hukuma.
An danganta wannan ƙaruwa ga manufofin da CBN ta aiwatar, waɗanda suka yi tasiri a kan yanayin kasuwa kuma suka taimaka wajen ƙarfafa kuɗin. Masu sayar da kuɗin da aka ba su izini sun ba da farashin dala har zuwa N1,495.01/$ kuma sun yi ƙasa har N1,447.50/$ a Kasuwar Kuɗin Waje ta Najeriya (NFEM).
Naira ya fara shekara a N1,538.50/$ a ranar 2 ga Janairu 2025, kuma ya ci gaba da samun ƙima a duk watan. Ya kai N1,535.00 a ranar 3 ga Janairu kafin ya yi ta jujjuyawa a cikin kewayon da ya kai N1,560/$ a ranar 16 ga Janairu, wanda shine mafi girman matakin da ya kai a wannan watan. Duk da haka, kuɗin ya fara ƙaruwa sosai daga mako na uku na Janairu, inda ya kare a N1,531/$ a ranar 24 ga Janairu kuma ya ƙara ƙarfi zuwa N1,520/$ a ranar 28 ga Janairu.
Ya ci gaba da hauhawa, ya kai N1,506/$ a ranar 29 ga Janairu da N1,493/$ a ranar 30 ga Janairu kafin ya kai N1,474.78/$ a ranar ƙarshe ta ciniki a watan Janairu. Naira kuma ya ƙaru a kan dala a kasuwar ba ta hukuma a ranar Juma’a, inda ya kare a N1,610/$, idan aka kwatanta da N1,630/$ da aka samu a ranar Alhamis, wanda ke nuna ƙaruwar N20 a cikin kwana ɗaya. Wannan ƙaura na ƙarshe yana nuna tasirin matakan kuɗi da na musayar waje da CBN ta gabatar don daidaita kuɗin da inganta amincewar kasuwa.
Gabatarwar Tsarin Haɗin Kuɗin Waje na Lantarki (EFEMS) a watan Disamba 2024 ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin wannan ci gaba. Dandalin, wanda ke aiki ta hanyar tsarin BMatch na Bloomberg, yana ba masu sayar da kuɗin da aka ba su izini damar sanya umarni ba a san su ba a cikin littafin oda na tsakiya, yana tabbatar da gaskiya da ingantaccen gano farashi a kasuwar musayar waje. Wannan tsarin ya taimaka wajen rage karkatar da kasuwa kuma ya ba CBN damar sa ido sosai, yana sauƙaƙe sarrafa sauye-sauyen farashin musayar kuɗi.
Wani muhimmin abu da ya yi tasiri a kan ƙaruwar naira na baya-bayan nan shi ne ƙaddamar da Ka’idojin Musayar Kuɗin Waje na Najeriya, wanda aka ƙaddamar a ranar 28 ga Janairu 2025. Gwamnan CBN Olayemi Cardoso ya ce, “Ka’idojin FX suna nuna sabon zamani na bin doka da lissafi. Ba kawai tsari ba ne; wannan tsari ne mai tilastawa. A ƙarƙashin Dokar CBN ta 2007 da Dokar BOFIA ta 2020, za a fuskanci hukunce-hukunce da matakan gudanarwa.” Ka’idojin FX sun kafa ƙa’idodi don ɗabi’a, gudanarwa, aiwatarwa, raba bayanai, sarrafa haɗari, da hanyoyin daidaitawa tsakanin masu shiga kasuwa.
Ta hanyar daidaita ayyukan musayar waje na Najeriya da mafi kyawun ayyuka na duniya, wannan shiri ya ƙarfafa amincewar masu zuba jari kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga ingantattun ayyukan kuɗin na baya-bayan nan. A ƙarshen 2024, naira ya tsaya a N1,535.00 a kowace dala a ranar 31 ga Disamba, yana nuna matsalolin da suka ci gaba a kasuwar musayar waje. Duk da haka, matakan da babban bankin ya gabatar a farkon 2025 sun taimaka wajen daidaita kasuwa, yana ba da damar kuɗin ya sami ci gaba mai mahimmanci a cikin watan da ya gabata.
Duk da haka, yayin da kuɗin gida yana inganta, ajiyar musayar waje ta Najeriya ta sami raguwa mai mahimmanci a watan Janairu 2025, inda ta ragu da $1.11bn a cikin watan. Bayanai daga CBN sun nuna cewa ajiyar ƙasar ta kasance $40.88bn a ranar 2 ga Janairu, amma a ranar 30 ga Janairu, ta ragu zuwa $39.77bn. Wannan yana nuna raguwar kashi 2.72 cikin ɗari a cikin wata ɗaya. Ragewar ajiyar ta biyo bayan shiga tsakani na CBN a kasuwar musayar waje, da kuma biyan basussuka na waje da fitar da jari. Yayin da naira ya ƙaru sosai a cikin wannan watan, raguwar ajiyar tana nuna cewa CBN na iya amfani da wani ɓangare na ajiyar ta don daidaita kuɗin gida da sarrafa ruwa a kasuwar hukuma.
