Yamma iyaka da ta’addanci

An rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar kan iyaka da Afghanistan tsakanin sakataren harkokin wajen Indiya Mortimer Durand da Amir Abdur Rehman na Afghanistan. An gudanar da shata iyaka daga 1893 zuwa 1896 kuma an ƙirƙiri hanyar Wakhan Corridor a matsayin mai shinge tsakanin Indiya ta Burtaniya da daular Rasha. An amince da iyakar a cikin yarjejeniyoyin da suka biyo baya kuma ba a tayar da wata adawa ba. Jakadan Afghanistan na farko a Pakistan, Shah Wali (kawun Sarki Zahir) ya ce ba mu da wata matsala ta kan iyaka da Pakistan kuma idan akwai wata, an daidaita hakan. Akwai kuma ra’ayin cewa Amir Abdur Rehman ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar a tursasa kuma aka sanya shi da karfi.

Sabanin haka, Amir bayan sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar ya bayyana ta a matsayin muhimmiyar yarjejeniya tare da amincewa da dattawan Jirga. ‘Yan Burtaniya ne suka yi iyaka da Afghanistan da China da Iran da Rasha inda Afghanistan ba ta nan. Idan ‘yan Afganistan za su iya yarda da waɗannan kan iyakokin a matsayin halal, to me zai hana iyakarta da Pakistan. Babu wanda zai iya ƙin amincewa da yarjejeniyar tarihi da ƙasashe suka rattabawa hannu; idan ba a girmama su ba, tsarin duniya zai ruguje.

Dukkanin gwamnatocin Afganistan sun yi kokarin hargitsa Pakistan ta hanyar kyale makiya su yi amfani da kasarta. A lokacin gwamnatocin Hamid Karzai da Ashraf Ghani, Indiya ta yi amfani da kasar Afganistan a matsayin gaba ta biyu wajen gyara Pakistan ta hanyar ayyukan ta’addanci. Kafin faduwar gwamnatin Afganistan a hannun ‘yan Taliban, Indiya na da sansanonin ta’addanci 66 a Afganistan a Pakistan. Yanayin bakin iyaka ya baiwa ‘yan ta’adda damar shiga cikin dazun FATA da Balochistan na Pakistan. Bayan bala’in da ya faru a APS Peshawar, an yanke shawarar yin shinge kan iyaka. Duk da haka, an fara shingen shingen kan iyaka ne a watan Mayun 2018, ba kawai a kan iyakar Yammacin Turai ba har ma da kan iyakar Iran.

Lamarin na Chaman dai ba a taba ganin irinsa ba inda ‘yan Taliban din kasar Afganistan suka kai hari kan fararen hula na birnin Chaman. Kabilun da ke Chaman a kowane bangare ‘yan Achakzai ne’ kuma kai hari kan ‘yan uwansu ba zai iya narkewa ba. Mai yiyuwa ne runduna ta uku, wadanda suka hada da sojojin kasar Afghanistan (ANA), ‘yan sandan kan iyakar Afghanistan (ABP) da National Resistance Front (NRF) da Taliban ta mamaye. Ni ne kwamandan Pishin Scouts a Chaman, kuma abin da na sani shi ne a duk lokacin da aka samu sabani, dattawa (mashars) sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen shawo kan lamarin.

Swat ya shaida gwagwarmaya tun 1992 lokacin da Sufi Muhammad ya kafa Tehrik Nefaz Shariat Muhammdi (TNSM) kuma ya bukaci shariah a yankin Malakand. Lamarin ya kara tabarbarewa a shekarar 2008/9 lokacin da Fazlullah ya yi kawance da TTP jim kadan bayan aikin masallacin Lal. Sojojin Pakistan sun kaddamar da farmakin na Al-Mizan daga shekara ta 2002 zuwa 2006 tare da kai farmaki kan Zarb-e-Azb a Arewacin Waziristan a watan Yunin 2014 domin kawar da shi daga ‘yan ta’adda. Sojojin Pakistan sun yi nasarar kawar da barazanar ta’addanci daga KP tare da kashe daruruwan ‘yan ta’adda, amma wasu sun yi nasarar tserewa zuwa Afganistan. An kaddamar da Operation Radd-ul-Fasaad ne a ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairun 2017 domin karfafa nasarorin da ake ci gaba da samu. Pakistan ta biya kudi mai tsoka a yakin da take yi da ta’addanci yayin da sama da ‘yan Pakistan 85,000 suka yi shahada. Batun sake bullowar kungiyoyin ta’addanci a Swat, Dir, Laki Marwat, Bannu da Arewa/Waziristan ta Kudu na da matukar tayar da hankali. Wani abin takaici shi ne yadda kungiyar Taliban ta Afganistan ta saki ‘yan ta’addar TTP daga gidajen yari, kuma an ba su damar zirga-zirga da shiga Pakistan.

Wannan sake bullowa lamari ne mai tsanani yayin da ayyukansu ya karu bayan da tattaunawar sulhun ta kasa cimma ruwa. Dubban mutane ne suka fito kan tituna a sassa daban-daban na Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) don nuna adawa da komawar ‘yan ta’addar TTP, musamman a Swat. Halin da ake yi na garkuwa da mutane a harabar Bannu Counter Terrorism Department (CTD) ya haifar da tambayoyi da yawa. A bayyane yake, jami’an CTD ba su shirya ba kuma ba a horar da su don mayar da martani ga irin wannan yanayin ba. Gaisuwa ga jajircewa da bajintar sojojin SSG da suka share ginin CTD, sakamakon haka an kashe ‘yan ta’adda 25 tare da kama 10.

Babban abin tambaya shine, wa ke ba da tallafi da tallafawa TTP? Bugu da ƙari, abubuwa masu ƙiyayya sun fito don tallafawa TTP don tada hankalin Pakistan. Manufar ita ce haifar da tsoro da firgita ta hanyar haramtattun kayan ta’addanci. Sun sami amintattun sammai a Afghanistan kuma sun sami nagartattun makamai da Amurka ta bari. Babban abin takaici shine Kabul ba ya aiki tare da Pakistan kan TTP da batun kan iyaka. Dole ne a kawar da ‘yan ta’adda da amintattun su ta kowace hanya, kuma a kafa kundin tsarin mulki ta kowace hanya. Zaman lafiya da aka samu bayan asarar dubban rayuka da lalata dukiyoyi bai kamata a yi sadaukarwa ba.

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